Prospect-Refuge

“Prospect and refuge theory suggests that preferences for environments are based on prospect (the unimpeded opportunity to see) and refuge (the opportunity to hide” (Stamps, 2). In other words, this means that humans tend to seek out environments that are closed off and relaxing (refuge), and environments that are considered open and overlook outside activities (prospect). The concept of prospect and refuge is very important when it comes to design. The designer must have a good understanding of their client because everyone has different wants and needs.  

Prospect: 

An example of prospect would be a cozy living room with lots of windows. This type of space gives off a comfortable and relaxing vibe, while still allowing the client to look out the windows to see what's going on. Another example would be a café. When you first walk in, you need to decide where to sit. If you’re alone, you will most likely pick somewhere along a wall where you can see everything that’s happening around you. This idea of prospect is everywhere around you. It is very important for designers to design public spaces that allow the user to choose whether they want prospect, refuge, or both. 

Prospect

Refuge:  

A refuge is any space that makes you feel secure. It can be anything from a bedroom, to a favorite reading nook. These types of spaces help us to relax and feel as though we are in control. My favorite refuge spot is my bedroom. My bed is next to a wall which gives me a sense of security. Having a wall both beside and behind me is very comforting. This is how I know that I have complete control over my space and refuge.  

Refuge sketched by me

Prospect and Refuge:  

Prospect and refuge can also be used as one. The most common example of prospect refuge is an open kitchen/living room combination. In most cases the kitchen is surrounded by two or three walls. If designed well this can give the homeowner a sense of prospect refuge. By having the walls surrounding the kitchen with clear sightlines to the living/dining room, this gives them a sense of both prospect and refuge. When the kitchen is closed off like this, the user is able to feel a sense of security by being in this smaller space. Yet at the same time, they are still able to look into the living room to watch everything that is going on. Another example of prospect-refuge would be a ferris wheel. When you are riding alone, the seat would be your refuge. As you circle around you are able to see everything that is going on below you from the comfort of your own seat. 

Picture taken by me in Chicago

Now that you know a little about prospect-refuge and how it relates to design, do you think you can spot it in your life? 

Source: Stamps, A. (2008). Some Findings on Prospect and Refuge: I. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 106(1), 147-162.